You start with one representation of the program (using a very
broad interpretation of what we mean by "program"). That
representation, the source, is analyzed for structural correctness by the
lexical analyzer (scanner) and the parser. The parser cooperates with the
semantic analyzer to ensure that the program is not only structurally correct,
but meaningful in terms of the source language's semantics. These actions are
typically referred to as the compiler's front end.
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